发展型半城市化的具体类型及其良性循环机制——中国农民进城过程的经验研究

Types of developing semi-urbanization and its virtuous cycling mechanism:an empirical research of the farmer's urbanization in China

通过对我国中部地区地级市楚市257户农民家庭城市化经验的调查,以农民家庭的农村退出和城市进入为切入点,基于阶层流动的视角对进城农民家庭"半城市化"现象进行了分析,发现了由农民家庭、经济、制度和社会结构互构出来的发展型半城市化路径。该路径以托举型、减负型、后路型和脱钩型四类与农村相关联的状态为具体内容,以可逆的城市化和去城市二元结构所依托的就近城市化为亲和形态,以农民家庭通过城市化获得体面且优于乡村的城市生活从而实现向上的阶层流动为目标。该发展型半城市化路径可在一个制度化了的动态过程中实现"农业去过密化—阶层流动资本增量—农民城市化实现"三者之间良性循环的互推式发展。

Based on the investigation of urbanized prac- tice of 257 peasant families in Chu City, this essay takes peasant family as the analyzing unit and moving out of countries and set- tling in cities of peasant families as the breakthrough point. From the perspective of mobility of social class, the semi - ur- banized phenomenon of peasant families that continue to main- tain their institutional and economic relations with the rural areas is re - analyzed. A developing semi -urbanized path which is formed by peasant family, economy, institutions and social structure, is found out. It contains the following four elements： lifting type, burden -reducing type, retreating type and unhoo- king type. It is in the affinity form of proximity urbanization, re- lying on reversible urbanization and dislodging the dual structure of city. In the process, peasant family can achieve the goal of living in a more decent life than in the country so as to entering a upper class. In an institutionalized dynamic process, a recipro- cal development is achieved, in which three aspects - lowering the high agricultural density, capital increment of social mobili- ty, completing urbanization of farmers are in a virtuous cycle.