瓦格纳:艺术与国家——解读《罗恩格林》的“秘密”

Wagner's Art and the Nation: Interpreting the “Secret” in Lohengrin

十九世纪德国最重要的戏剧家瓦格纳,希望通过作为整体艺术的戏剧来实现国家统一的理想,他遵循着浪漫主义的美学路径寻求纯粹源于历史深处的内在精神法则。然而艺术的自律与政治介入之间的矛盾无法调和,于是在歌剧《罗恩格林》中体现为既高度自觉又颇具症候性的表达。寻求一个整一、封闭的家园,与对于必须打破界线的恐惧,很难谐调——这就是瓦格纳的戏剧艺术,也是德国的历史情境和政治文化中所面临的根本性的难题。

Richard Wagner, the most important 19th century German dramatist, hoped to realize his ideal of national unification through drama as a general art. Following the romantic aesthetic approach, he sought for the innate spiritual law purely originated from the depth of the history. However, the contradiction between the self - discipline of art and the political interference is irreconciliable, consequently, it results in Lohengrin as both high consciousness and symptomatic expression. Looking for a unified and closed homeland and the fear that the boundary must be break through can hardly he reconciled, that is the drama art of Wagner, as well as the fundamental challenge faced by the German historical complex and political culture.