“互”、“相”与“互相”句法功能比较研究

On the Syntactic Function of the Adverbial Synonyms “Hù(互)” “Xiāng(相)” and “Hù Xiāng(互相)”

本文着重讨论"互相"与"互"及交互义的"相"之间的句法功能差异。"互/相"与同义的"互相"句法功能上的差异主要是单双音节造成的,但音节差异不仅反映在单+单、双+双组合上,而且也反映在自由度的差异上:一"互相"多与双音节V搭配,而"互/相"受限,"互"与双音节V共现,仅在否定结构中,"相"与双音节V共现仅在"与/和/跟……相V"格式中;二"互相"不能和光杆单音节V搭配,但可以与单音节V+连带成分的结构搭配;三"互相"可修饰并列的双音节V,"互相"后的多个双音节V之间,也可以重复使用"互相"而基本语义不变,"互、相"则不能修饰两个及以上的V,形成"互/相V1V2"结构;但可以有限地形成"互/相V1互/相V2"结构;四"互+单音节V"与"互相+双音节V"之间存在一定的变换;五、"互"可以修饰否定结构,"相"不能修饰否定结构,"互相"绝少与否定词共现。六、"互相(相互)"可以做定语,而"互/相"不具备这种功能。文章还利用得出的本体规则结合实例分析了留学生的典型正误用例。

This paper presents an analysis of the syntactic functions of Hu Xiang （互相） in comparison with Hu （互 ） and xiang（ 相 ） ,all of them having the same denotative meaning of mutually and alternately. The differences in syntactic functions between Hu（互） / Xiang （相 ） and Hu Xiang （互相） lie mainly in the number of syllables each has in its collocation. In general, the monosyllabic adverb Hu （互） / Xiang（相） goes only with a monosyllabic verb, while the disyllabic Hu Xiang （互相） only with a disyllabic verb. But there are some additional usages restrictions. I. While Hu （互 ） is used be- fore a disyllabic verb only in a negative sense, Xiang（相） is so only in the construction of He （和）/Yu （与 ）/Gen （ 跟） Xiang （相 ） ＋ V. Hu Xiang （互相） on the other hand, modifies disyllabic verbs more freely. Ⅱ Hu Xiang （互相） cannot be used before a monosyllabic verb unless the verb is in a construction with other element, Ⅲ. Hu Xiang （互相） can be repeatedly used to modify a succession of verbs, or to ap- pear only once before these verbs modifying all of them. Hu （互 ） / Xiang （相） on the other hand , cannot be used to modify two or more verbs in an adverb ＋ V1V2 structure, hut can be used in a limited way in a Hu （互） / Xiang（ 相） V1 ＋ Hu （互） / Xiang（相） V2 structure. Ⅳ. The structure Hu （互 ） ＋ monosyllabic v. and Hu Xiang （互相） ＋ disyllabic v. are occasionally interchangeable. V. Hu （互） can be used negatively with a verb while Xiang （相） cannot. And Hu Xiang （互相） is rarely used in a negative sense. VI. Hu Xiang （互相）, （Xiang Hu 相互） cannot. This paper also cites and analyzes can be used as an attributive while Hu （互） /Xiang（相） some typical examples right or wrong usage from international students according to the rules listed above.