黄芪生物学及化学成分研究进展

Research Prog ress on Biology and Chemical Constituents of Astragalus membranaceus

黄芪具有广泛食疗价值,是我国三级保护植物。膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪为中药黄芪正品的原植物,其干燥根含黄芪多糖、黄酮类化合物、皂苷、氨基酸及其微量元素等多种有效成分,为我国传统中药,具有补气升阳、固表止汗、脱毒生肌、脱肿利水及其延缓衰老等各种药理功效。为加强黄芪的保护和合理利用,本研究综述了膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪的分类学位置、植物形态及其营养器官和生殖器官的生物学特征、所含的有效化学成分以及药理学方面的研究进展,为黄芪以后的研究及其开发应用提供一定的参考价值。

Astragalus membranaceus is of high therapeutic value and is categorized as a plant under China＇s level three protection. Astragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bge. andAstragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bge. var. mongholicus （Bge.） Hsiao are the original plants of traditional Chinese medicine huangqi. The dry roots of Astragalus membranaceus contain many active ingredients such as Astragalus polysaccharide, Astragalus flavonoids, Astragaloside, amino acids and trace elements and so on. Astragalus membranaceus is the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, and is very popular for its tonic to strengthen the immune system, antiperspirant, detoxification, tissue generative actions, abscess-draining, diuresis, antiageing effects, etc. In order to strengthen the protection and rational utilization of Astragalus membranaceus, this paper reviewed the taxonomic position, biological characteristics of morphological, vegetative organs, reproductive organs, chemical constituents ofA. membranaceus and its development in pharmacology, which could provide references for the future research and application ofA. me mb ranac e us.