大连地区490例0岁～14岁过敏性疾病儿童常见过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of allergens in 490 children aged 0-14 years in Dalian area

目的分析大连地区14岁以下过敏性疾病患儿常见的过敏原种类及分布情况,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法采用德国欧蒙免疫印迹法体外过敏原检测系统,检测本地区490例儿童过敏反应性疾病患者血清中特异性Ig E抗体。结果 490例患儿血清检测中,有50.41%检测到阳性结果。吸入组过敏原阳性率较高的为:尘螨(51.42%)、屋尘(15.79%)、猫毛(9.31%);食入组过敏原阳性率较高的为:鸡蛋白(25.91%)、花生(19.03%)、牛奶(16.19%)、海鱼(14.57%),各过敏原反应强度的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在常见过敏原中,男性患儿与女性患儿的致敏阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05);按年龄分组,婴幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄组3组阳性比率有显著差异(P<0.05),且尘螨、屋尘、猫毛的阳性率随年龄增加而增加,而鸡蛋白的阳性率随年龄增加而逐渐降低。结论大连地区过敏性疾病的儿童吸入性过敏原以尘螨、屋尘和猫毛为主,食入性过敏原以鸡蛋白、花生、牛奶和海鱼为主,研究结果可为本地区儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供流行病学资料和临床依据。

Objective To analysis the？species and distribution of allergens in children aged 0-14 years in Dalian, and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods In vitro allergen detection system was used to detect the serum specific IgE antibodies in 490 children with allergic reaction in the region.Results In 490 Cases of children with serum detection, 50.41% were detected positive results. The higher positive rate of inhaled allergen is as follows ： dust mite （ 51.42% ） and house dust （ 15.79% ）, cat hair （ 9.31% ） ; the higher positive rate of food allergen for egg white（25.91% ） ,peanut （ 19.03% ）, milk （ 16.19% ）, fish （ 14.57% ） ; there were statistically differences in the distribution of allergen reaction intensity （P〈0.05）; In common allergens, ？there were no significant difference between male and female （P〉O.05） ; positive rate of infants and preschool group and school age group had significant difference （P〈0.05）, and the positive rate of dust mite, house dust, cat hair are increased with age, while the positive rate of egg white decreased with age.Conclusion The inhaled allergens are dust mite, house dust, cat hair, and food allergens are egg white, peanut, milk and fish in children of Dalian area. The study provide the epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention of local allergic disease in children.