从παιδε■α到education:西方“教育”概念的词源学分析

From παιδε■α to Education:Etymological Analysis of Concept of Education in Western Languages

词源学能够为教育学研究中的概念分析提供重要的理论和文化背景,包括对教育这个概念本身的研究。在重要教育文献中,希腊文παιδε■α,拉丁文educare和humanitas三个概念诞生较早、出现较多,对教育思想史有重大影响。παιδε■α重视整全人格与完美和谐的灵魂的教育,包括对城邦的政治责任感的塑造,以及灵魂中德行与善的培养。educare涵盖从保育、养育到教育的广泛含义,是最为综合性的概念;humanitas是最具有人性与人文特征的教育概念,是后天通过教育培养的起来的人性修养、技艺与德行。三个古典时期的"教育"概念都体现出对人性的信任和对教育的重视。同时,这些概念中重视德行、政治生活和人文的特征也值得继续思考和反省。

Etymology is a kind of significant theoretical and cultural resources for concept analysis in educational research, including the study of the concept ＂education＂ itself. In these important educational literatures, παιδε■α in Greek, and educare and humanitas in Latin, are three concepts emerged in early age, frequently occurring in great books and having significant influence on history of educational thoughts. The concept παιδε■α emphasizes education of whole personality and perfect harmonious soul, including fos- tering the political responsibility of the city state and the moral behaviors and goodness in soul. The con- cept of educare is the most comprehensive concept, covering a range of meaning from breeding, rearing to education. The concept humanitas has obvious character of hurnanism~ it represents cultivation of human nature, arts and virtues. All three concepts in classical era have confidence in human and cherish the value of education. Meanwhile, it is worth keeping reflecting their emphasis on virtue, political life and humanity.