1987-2015年中国城市矿产政策的文献量化研究

Textual and quantitative research on Chinese urban mining policies from 1987 to 2015

城市矿产变废为宝,其开发利用能有效缓解经济发展中资源与环境双重约束。发达国家经验表明,城市矿产产业作为各国实现循环经济的关键环节,需要相关政策的引导和扶持,产业政策在推动城市矿产产业发展方面具有积极作用。从20世纪80年代以来,中国政府制定了一系列政策以鼓励和促进产业发展。本文系统搜集1987-2015年中国中央政府颁布的城市矿产相关政策,运用政策文献量化分析法,从发文年度、发文主体、政策工具、政策作用对象四个维度构建分析框架,对77份政策文本进行内容量化和文献计量分析,在揭示中国城市矿产政策的总体特征和发展历程的同时,也指出政策中存在的问题。研究结果显示:从发文年度分析,城市矿产政策数量上呈持续增长态势,政策具有明显阶段性,政策连续性和稳定性不断增强;从发文主体分析,政策效力层次偏低,政策主体涉及部门较多,缺乏总领导、协调部门;从政策工具分析,多以规制型政策工具为主,经济激励型、社会型政策较少;从政策作用对象分析,尚缺乏产品全生命周期视角下的系统政策设计。本文最后针对这些问题提出相关政策建议。

China＇s developing urban mining industry can effectively resolve the dual constraints of resources and the environment by tuming municipal waste into wealth. As an important and critical area to realize the circular economy, the urban mining industry needs a supportive policy environment; industrial policy has remarkable effects in this industry according to experiences from developed countries. Since the mid- 1980s, China has made great efforts to encourage this industry and formulated a series of industrial policies to promote the development of relevant industries in China. In order to probe the features of China＇s urban mining policies, the systemic collection of urban mining policy documents issued by the Central Government, related departments and ministries from 1987 to 2015 was undertaken. We then looked at content quantitative and bibliometric analysis towards 77 policy texts from four dimensions （promulgation time, policy-making agencies, policy instruments and policy objects）. We found the general situation and development process of China＇s urban mining policies and urgent issues. First, from the dimension of promulgation time, these policies display a sustained growth with well- characterized stages, and their continuity and stability have been improved. Second, regarding the dimension of policy-making agencies, the policy efficacy has so far been limited and a general director and coordinating department remains absent. Third, according to the dimension of policy instruments, they are mainly regulative, yet economic incentives and social policies are insufficient. Fourth, as for the dimension of policy objects, the design of a policy system lacks coordination of the product life cycle. We propose a series of related policy suggestions on the above issues.