髓系肉瘤的临床和病理特征

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Myeloid Sarcoma

目的:探讨髓系肉瘤的临床病理特点、鉴别诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析10例髓系肉瘤的临床表现,实验室、组织病理学、免疫组织化学和临床转归等资料。10例中男5例,女5例,中位年龄36(23-71)岁。结果:2例继发于慢性髓系白血病,1例发生在急性髓系白血病异基因造血干细胞移植后,7例没有前驱恶性血液病史;发生部位包括骨、脑、皮肤、乳腺、附睾、宫颈、小肠、卵巢和淋巴结。镜下肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性浸润或列兵样排列;形态一致,圆形或卵圆形;细胞质少,胞核呈圆形、卵圆形或不规则形,核分裂象易见,可见幼稚嗜酸粒细胞散在分布。免疫组织化学染色显示,肿瘤细胞表达MPO、CD34、CD43、CD45、CD99和CD117。4例在髓系肉瘤诊断后2-10个月发展成急性髓系白血病,诱导化疗后均达完全缓解,但有3例在缓解后3-12个月复发,生存时间仅14-23个月;4例髓系肉瘤在骨髓受累前接受化疗,无病生存1-48个月。结论:髓系肉瘤需与淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤、Burkitt淋巴瘤、母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤等相鉴别,其诊断和鉴别诊断依赖于病理形态和免疫组织化学特点。应用如急性髓系白血病的化疗以及异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗髓系肉瘤的主要方法。

Objective： To explore the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and therapy of myeloid sarcoma. Methods： The clinical data including clinical manifestations, laboratorial tests, histopathologicical examination, immunohistochemistry and clinical prognosis of 10 patients with myeloid sarcoma were analyzed retrospectively. Among 10 patients, 5 male and 5 female, aged 23 to 71 years old （median = 36 years）. Results： 2 cases of myeloid sarcoma were secondary from chronic myeloid leukemia, and 1 cases of myeloid sarcoma occurred after the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to acute myeloid leukemia, and the others lacked the anamnesis of malignancies. The neoplasms occurred at bone, brain, skin, breast, epididymis, uterine cervix, small intestine, ovary and lymph nodes. Microscopically, the tumor cells were round or oval, which infiltrated diffusely or arranged in single - file. The cytoplasm was scarce and immature eosinophils were scattered. The nuclei were round, oval or focally irregular, and the mitosis was visible. The neoplasms were positive for MPO, CD34, CD43, CD45, CD99 and CD117 by immunohistochemical staining. 4 patients progressed into acute myeloid leukemia from 2 to 10 months after the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. All of them achieved complete remission after inductive chemotherapy, but 3 patients relapsed from 3 to 12 months after remission and only survived for 14 to 23 months. 4 patients were treated by using chemotherapy before bone marrow abnormality, and with the disease-free survival for 1 to 48 months. Conclusion： Myeloid sarcoma needs to he distinguished from lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt＇s lymphoma, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms and so on. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma are dependent on the pathological and immunohisto-chemical features. The chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of acute mveloid leukemia are the main methods for treatment of mveloid sarcoma.