含氯消毒剂火灾危险性评价

Fire risk evaluation of chlorine disinfectants

根据相关标准对亚氯酸钠、三氯异氰尿酸、次氯酸钙和二氯异氰尿酸钠的热稳定性、爆发点和火焰感度进行了实验测定。实验采用溴酸钾为参考物质,淀粉为可燃物。检测物质均采用与淀粉质量比为4/1的混合物,标准混合物分别为溴酸钾与淀粉质量比为3/7、3/2、2/3的混合物。结果表明,亚氯酸钠、三氯异氰尿酸、次氯酸钙、二氯异氰尿酸钠的热稳定性依次升高,可分别将淀粉的燃点降低175、165、160、100℃;与淀粉4/1混合后的爆发点依次升高,分别为221、238、301、320℃。亚氯酸钠的火焰感度最高,三氯异氰尿酸次之,次氯酸钙和二氯异氰尿酸钠最低。在有火灾危险的环境下,应该避免使用含亚氯酸钠的消毒剂,可用含次氯酸钙或二氯异氰尿酸钠的消毒剂代替。

Thermal stability, explosion point and flame sensitivity of sodium chlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate were evaluated according to rele- vant national standards. The reference material was potassium bro mate and the combustible was starch. The test material was mixed with starch by mass ratio of 4/1. The mass ratio of potassium to starch of standard mixture were 3/7, 3/2 and 2/3. The results showed that sodium chlorite had the lowest degree of thermal sta bility, followed by trichloroisocyanuric acid and calcium hypochlo- rite, with sodium dichloroisoeyanurate being the most stable com- pound in response to temperature changes. Specifically, ignition points of starch can be reduced by 175, 165, 160 and 100 ℃in the order of sodium chlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypo- chlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate; the explosion point of them mixed with starch （4/1） increased in the same order, and the explosion points are 221, 238, 301 and 320 ℃. With respect to flame sensitivity, sodium chlorite was found to he the most sensi- tive, followed by trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate are insensitive. Under environ ment of high fire risk, disinfectants containing calcium hypochlo rite or sodium dichloroisocyanurate should be used as an alterna- tive to disinfectants containing sodium chlorite.