高职生学习沉浸体验的量表编制与特点研究

Study on the Scale Compilation and Characteristics of Learning Flow Experience of Higher Vocational College Students

为探究高职生学习沉浸体验的特点,先编制了《大学生学习沉浸度量表》,经项目分析、探索性与验证性因素分析确定了量表的八个维度:挑战与技能平衡、目标明确、任务专注、控制感、自成目的性体验、自我意识丧失与时间错觉、思维流畅、学习自评,该量表符合沉浸体验的理论构想,具有较高的信效度,适用于评估大学生的学习沉浸体验。后以该量表为工具,调查发现,高职生的学习沉浸度总体高于本科生,技能与挑战的匹配度较高,学习目标相对明确具体,对外在评价的敏感度较低,任务专注力较弱。为提高高职生的学习沉浸度,要在挑战任务与学生能力之间寻找平衡,设置具有结构性特征的学习任务,培养学生的自向性人格,帮助学生提高对学习任务的专注。

Based on Csikszentmihalyi＇ s Flow Experience Theory and combined with four main learning approaches of undergraduates＇ learning, we compiled the learning flow experience scale for undergraduates, which consists of 8 factors including challenge-skill balance, clear goals, concentration on task at hand, sense of control, autotelic experience, loss of self-consciousness and transformation of time, fluency of thinking and self-assessment. By using this scale to investigate the learning flow experience of higher vocational college students, results showed that, compared with their undergraduate counterparts, they scored significantly better on the total score, challenge-skill balance and clear goals; further, they were less sensitive to the comments from others; the level of their concentration on task at hand was also lower than their counterparts. Hence, to enhance students＇ leaning flow experience, we as teachers have to balance the levels between task and students＇ ability, design tasks that are of specificity to students in higher vocational college, heighten students＇ awareness of being autotelic, and assist them to concentrate on tasks at hand.