北极航道管理对北极渔业管理的启示

IMPLICATIONS OF ARCTIC MARINE SHIPPING MANAGEMENT TO ARCTIC FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

北极航道管理与北极渔业管理都是由气候变化所催生的北极重要事务。由于同处北极,两者面临着一些共性的管理问题,使两者之间具有了一定的可比性。两者的对比研究显示,北极航道管理机制构建过程体现了国际合作的精神,航道管理制度体系在形成之初始终处于动态发展以期得到完善,依托国际组织制定航行规则也有利于未来北极全面通航后执行统一协调的航道管理制度,这些北极航道管理实践中所体现的管理理念和路径对北极渔业管理具有启示作用。对比研究也揭示了北极渔业所面临的管理瓶颈,具体表现为北极5国谋求北冰洋公海"领导者"地位的单边主义行为,以及北极渔业现阶段所呈现出的"碎片式"管理格局。为实现北极渔业可持续性发展,北极5国之间、北极5国与北极域外国家之间应加强交流与合作,同时适时成立相应的区域性渔业管理组织以协调并开展国际交流与合作。

Climate change gives rise to the positive prospect of Arctic marine shipping and fisheries, both of which call for the timingly building of management regime. Confronted with similar problems stemming from Arctic environmental and political facts, Arctic shipping and fisheries management share some comparability. With a comparative study, it is found that Arctic shipping management has witnessed some highlights in its process of regime building, among which international cooperation is the key. The management regime is also matured by its evolution dynamics. International Maritime Organization acts as the coordinator in making ＂Pan-Arctic＂ shipping regulations, which facilitates a unified Arctic management system. These highlights will have some implications for Arctic fisheries management in terms of the philosophy and approach. The comparative study also reveals the challenges that Arctic fisheries management encounters, with A5＇s unilateralism to seek stewardship as well as the current fragmentary fisheries magement as two primary challenges. To facilitate sustainable Arctic fisheries, international cooperation should be encouraged in the Arctic and beyond the Arctic, and a regional fisheries management organization should be established to coordinate international cooperation.