煤矿掘进工累积接尘剂量与肺功能累计异常率的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between Cumulative Dose of Dust and Cumulative Abnormal Rate of Pulmonary Function in Coal Mine Drillers

目的探讨煤矿掘进工累积接尘剂量与肺功能累计异常率的关系。方法 2014年12月—2015年12月选取唐山某煤矿掘进工376例为观察组,非接尘工179例为对照组,均行肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC),第1秒用力呼气末容积(FEV_1),FEV_1/FVC]检测。观察组每隔10年为1个接尘工龄组,分为<10年、10~年、20~年、30~年工龄组。比较对照组和观察组及各接尘工龄组间的肺功能,分析累积接尘剂量与肺功能累计异常率的关系。结果观察组肺功能异常率(51.6%,194/376)高于对照组(12.8%,23/179)(P<0.05)。观察组FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC低于对照组(P<0.05)。10~年工龄组FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC低于<10年工龄组(P<0.05)。20~年工龄组FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC低于<10年工龄组和10~年工龄组(P<0.05)。30~年工龄组FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC低于<10年工龄组、10~年工龄组、20~年工龄组(P<0.05)。累积接尘剂量与肺功能累计异常率呈正相关(r=0.763,P<0.001)。结论煤矿掘进工累积接尘剂量与肺功能累计异常率存在正相关性。接尘工龄时间越长,累积接尘剂量越大,肺功能累计异常率越高,肺功能指标改变越明显。累积接尘剂量可用于预测煤矿掘进工肺功能异常发病的危险性和高危人群。

Objective To investigate the relationship between cumulative dose of dust and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal mine drillers. Methods A total of 376 coal mine drillers were selected from a coal mine in Tangshan from December 2014 to December 2015 as the observation group, and 179 nodust exposed workers were taken as the control group, using pulmonary function [ forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in the first second （FEV1）, FEV1/ FVC] as an index. The observation group was divided by work seniority as a coal mine driller into 4 groups： less than 10 working years group, 10 to 20 working years group, 20 to 30 working years group and more than 30 working years group. The pulmonary functions were compared between the control group and the observation group and among work seniority groups to analyze the relationship between cumulative close of dust and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function. Results The abnormal rate of pulmonary function in observation group （51.6%, 194/376） was higher than control group （ 12. 8% , 23/179） （P 〈 0. 05 ）. FVC, FEV1 , and FEV1/FVC in observation group were lower than control group （P 〈 0. 05） . FVC, FEV1 , and FEVI/FVC in less than 10 working years group in observation group were higher than 10 to 20 working years group, 20 to 30 working years group and more than 30 working years group （P 〈0. 05） FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC in 10 to 20 working years group were higher than 20 to 30 working years group and more than 30 working years groupi （P 〈 0. 05 ） . FVC, FEV1 , and FEV1/FVC in 20 to 30 working years group were higher than more than 30 working years group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Cumulative dose of dust was positively correlated with cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonaryI function （ r = 0. 763 , P 〈 0. 001 ） . Conclusion i i Cumulative dose of dust has positive correlation with cumulative abnormal rate of pulmnary function in coal mine drillers. The longer the working time, the higher the cumulative dose of dust is. The higher the eumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function, the more obvious the change of the pulmonary function index is. Monitoring the cumulative dose of dust can be used to predict abnormal pulmonary function and high - risk group of pulmonary diseases among coal mine drillers.