植物源药剂SHL对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)病的室内和田间防治效果

Evaluation of the efficacy of a botanical pesticides SHL against TMV by laboratory and field trials

[目的]探究植物源药剂SHL对烟草花叶病毒的防治效果。[方法]本研究利用植物中草药,采用对照枯斑法,研究了植物源农药SHL在室内盆栽和大田条件下对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的防治效果。[结果]在室内治疗效果试验中,通过灌根和喷施加灌根处理,在浓度为2g·L^(-1)时,14d后防治效果分别达到93.22%和81.63%。在浓度为1g·L^(-1)时,喷施加灌根方式比灌根方式治疗效果好,但持续时间较短。在室内保护作用中,14d后喷药的效果明显高于灌根、喷加灌,可达到93.2%;30d后喷加灌根的保护作用要高于其它两种施药方式,可达到57.94%。在大田试验中,SHL药剂用喷药法治疗的效果最好,二次喷药后,病指明显下降,治疗效果最高达到71.20%,明显高于病毒A的治疗效果。药物处理蕃茄植株后的株高和茎粗指标,比空白对照植株得到明显的改善,对植株生长有很好的促进作用。[结论]该植物源药剂SHL对TMV防治显著,明显提高了枯斑抑制率,并增强了番茄植株的抗病性,是防治烟草普通花叶病毒病较为理想的植物源药剂。

[Objective]The intention was to explore the efficacy of one botanical pesticide SHL on controlling TMV. [Methods]The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for high-efficiency and low toxicity botanical pesticide by using plant of Chinese herbal medicine. In present study, the efficacy of one botanical pesticide SHL on controlling TMV were studied by verifying the impact of SHL on necrotic lesion development of TMV with both laboratory pots and field plot trials. [Results]The results indicated that SHL controlled up to 93.22% or 81.63% of developed TMV afterl4 ds treatment at 2 mg·mL^-1 by root-watering （RW） solo or root-watering coupled with spraying （RW- S）, respectively using laboratory pot experiments. The effect of SHL at 1 mg·mL^-1 on TMV was significantly greater using RW-S than using RW with shorter duration. To test the protection function of SHL, three treatment methods, RW, RW-S, and spraying, were employed. SHL produced 93.2% control efficiency against TMV disease by spraying method, which was statistically higher than both RW （92.2%） and RW-S （79.61%） at 14 d post-treatment （p~ 0. 05）. The efficiency by RW-S （57.9%） was significantly higher than RW （50.20%） or spraying （43.19%） after 30 ds treatment. In field trials, SHL produced the greatest remedial effect （71.2%） by spraying, and the disease index was notably decreased after second spraying, more obvious than treatment effects of virus A. After treated with SHL, plant height and stem girth of plants were greatly improved and plants growth was promoted compared to negative control group. [Conclusion]The research results showed that SHL had strong inhibitory activity against TMV disease, and the inhibition rate of necrotic lesion and disease resistance for tomato plants were markedly increased which indicated that SHL possessed the potential to be an effective botanical pesticides for TMV control.