高温超导磁悬浮轴承的发展现状及前景

Development Status and Prospects of High-T_c Superconducting Magnetic Bearing

第二类高温超导体的磁通钉扎效应使得超导体在外加磁场中无需主动控制而能稳定悬浮。利用这种无源自稳定悬浮特性,高温超导磁悬浮轴承可以实现部件之间无机械摩擦的高速相对运动,在旋转机械、飞轮储能和交通运输等方面展现出了良好的应用前景。近年来,高温超导磁悬浮轴承的发展在世界范围内取得了令人瞩目的成就,轴承的设计思想、结构和应用环境都得到了相应的拓展。从结构特征角度综述了近年来国内外超导磁悬浮轴承样机的发展现状,重点介绍了西安交通大学的超导磁液复合轴承结构及其在液体火箭中的应用方案;结合该领域的研究现状探讨了超导磁悬浮轴承有待研究的问题和应用前景,指出超导轴承应向复合支撑方向发展以利于推进应用。

Pinning effect of flux in type II high temperature superconductor （HTS） can make superconductor be stably suspended in external magnetic field without active controlling. By adopting this passive self - stability, high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing （HTSMB） can realize the high speed relative motion between parts without mechanical friction. HTSMB has been demonstrated fascinating application prospects in rotating machinery, flywheel energy storage system, transportation system, and so on. During the past years, the development of HTSMB has made remarkable achievements worldwide. Design ideas, structures and application environments of HTSMB have been expanded accordingly. This paper summarizes typical HTSMB prototypes from the perspective of structural features. A kind of superconducting compound bearing proposed by Xi＇ an Jiaotong University and its application scheme in liquid rocket are introduced specially. This novel bearing is a combination of HTSMB and fluid film beating. Based on the development status, issues to be studied and application prospects of HTSMB are discussed. This paper points out that HTSMB should be developed to compound bearing to advance the application process.