南方建筑非透明围护结构热工与节能设计

Energy-saving and thermal design of the nontransparent enclosure structure for the buildings in southern China

如何兼顾冬夏两季建筑供暖空调负荷和能耗,保证室内热环境质量,确定最适宜的热工特性,是长期困扰中国南方建筑围护结构热工与节能设计的难点。通过对夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区建筑在采暖、空调与自然通风条件下动态热过程的分析,研究了这一地区围护结构热特性与能耗的制约关系,以及对室内热环境与建筑热稳定性的作用机理。在兼顾冬季保温与夏季隔热的情况下,将建筑全年能耗作为控制目标,从室内热环境质量、节能效果、围护结构的安全性、可靠性、经济性和实用性等角度评价目前所采用的围护结构节能技术存在的问题,提出一种适宜南方气候的建筑围护结构热特性指标及构造形式。

In southern area of china, the problem that balancing heating load in winter with cooling load in summer to ensure indoor thermal comfort when designing building envelop still remains. In this article, the correlation between thermal characteristics of building envelope and energy load is found by analyzing dynamic thermal process of buildings in hot summer and cold（warm）winter zones. In addition, the thermal characteristics of building envelope which affect indoor thermal environment and thermal stability of building are revealed. Also, the impact mechanism of enclosure thermal performance on indoor thermal environment and thermal stability is studied. By taking the balance between winter heat preservation and summer heat dissipation into consideration, the calculation of annual building energy consumption would be carried out, based on which the existing enclosure energy-saving method is evaluated from the standpoint of energy-saving effect, safety, reliability, economy and practicability. Finally, the climatic-suitable thermal design and its structure type of the enclosure is proposed.