基于老年社群活动特征的空间规划设计策略——以深圳典型社区户外活动空间为例

SPATIAL PLANNING AND DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELDERLY SOCIETY ACTIVITY IN NEIGHBORHOOD:A CASE STUDY OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY SPACES IN TYPICAL COMMUNITIES OF SHENZHEN

随着我国快速老龄化、城市化和"421家庭"结构的形成,城市老年移民人数增加,老年人固有的人际关系难以保持,需重构社交网络以适应新城市环境。社群活动是老年人重构社交网络的主要形式之一,作为其基本支撑的社区户外活动空间的规划设计尤为重要。本文定义了"社群活动(SAN)";选取了深圳市海珠社区、莲花北社区、桃源社区3个典型居住社区,通过实地调研,归纳总结出社群活动的3个类型为健身活动、娱乐活动和集会活动,并统计了每类活动包含的具体活动项目;通过问卷调查、行为观测记录及访谈等方法,分析总结出深圳老年人社群活动特征,并从目标定位、标准确定、空间选址、空间布局和环境设施5个方面,提出了社区老年户外活动空间的规划设计策略。

With rapid aging, urbanization, and the formation of 4-2-1 family structure in China, more and more senior people move to cities, leading to the fact that they have to set up a new social network to adapt to the new environment as it is difficult for them to maintain their original interpersonal relationship. As society activity in neighborhood （SAN） is the main form of social network that the elderly reconstruct, the planning and design for community outdoor activity space, a basic support for SAN, becomes particularly important. This paper defines SAN and chooses the three typical residential communities of Haizhu community, Lianhuabei community, and Taoyuan community in Shenzhen to do the on-the-spot investigation. It summarizes that the three typical SAN are physical activities, leisure activities, and social interaction and further details the specific projects of each type of activities. Throughquestionnaire investigations, behavior observation records, and interviews, it sums up the elderly SAN characteristics of Shenzhen and puts forward the planning and design strategies of community outdoor activity space for the elderly from the five aspects of target, standard, site location, spatial layout, and environmental facilities.