温度波动对不同规格虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)生理和免疫指标的影响

Effects of Temperature Fluctuation on Physiological and Immune Parameters of Scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

为探讨黄海冷水团锋面温度波动对底播虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)的影响,采用室内模拟的方法,研究了温度波动对虾夷扇贝生理和免疫指标的影响。实验温度波动范围为15-10-15℃,升降温幅度为5℃/2 h,共进行了4次温度波动,分别测定了3个规格虾夷扇贝死亡率、耗氧率、排氨率以及血液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力等生理、免疫指标的变化情况。结果显示,温度波动4次后,大、中、小3个规格虾夷扇贝的死亡率均较低,分别为4%、6%、6%,其中,大规格虾夷扇贝的死亡率低于中、小规格,并且大规格虾夷扇贝在前2次温度波动时出现死亡,第3次温度波动后,不再出现死亡。3个规格组在B1(波动1次)时的耗氧率与初始相比,均为降低;随着波动次数的增加,耗氧率逐渐增加而高于初始水平。除小规格组的B1外,排氨率均随温度波动次数的增加而降低;多重比较分析结果显示,大规格组的B3(波动3次)显著低于波动初始(P<0.05);中规格组的B4(波动4次)显著低于波动初始(P<0.05)。虾夷扇贝的免疫指标对温度波动更为敏感:温度波动1次或者2次时,3个规格组的SOD和CAT活性显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,适宜温度范围内的温度波动,也会对虾夷扇贝的生理、免疫指标产生不同程度的影响。

The influence of temperature fluctuation on physiological parameters and immune activity of three different sized scallop （Patinopecten yessoensis） was studied in this work. Temperature fluctuated in the range of 15-10-15℃, with increasing or decreasing 5℃ per 2 h. Temperature was totally fluctuated four times in the experiment, which named as B1, B2, B3 and B4. Results showed that the mortality rates of big, medium and small sized P. yessoensis were 4%, 6% and 6%, respectively. The mortality rate of big sized P. yessoensis was relatively lower, and the mortality only appeared in B1 and B2. Oxygen consumption rates of three different sized scallop were lower at B1 than the initial value of B0. With temperature fluctuation, oxygen consumption rates gradually increased and then were higher than B0 in the end. Ammonium excretion rates （AER） decreased with temperature fluctuation, except B1 of the small sized scallop. For the big sized scallop, the AER in B3 was significantly lower than that in B0 （P〈0.05）, where for medium sized scallop, AER in B4 was significantly lower than that in B0 （P〈0.05）. Comparing with physiological parameters, the immune activities were more sensitive to temperature fluctuation. Activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） decreased significantly as the temperature fluctuated 1 or 2 times （ANOVA, P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the temperature fluctuation in optimum range had impact on the physiological parameters and immune activities of scallop P. yessoensis to a certain extent.