金属与合金加压凝固研究进展

Research Progress of Metals and Alloys Pressurized Solidification

基于国内外对金属合金加压凝固过程的研究,阐述了加压凝固的原理和实施方法,总结了加压凝固对铁合金、轻合金和铜合金等金属铸件微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:加压凝固能够改变金属及其合金的物理参数和结晶过程,改变疏松孔洞的分布和尺寸,提高铸件的致密度,改善铸件的拉伸性能和硬度等;另外,当所施加的压力足够高时,还可以抑制铸铁石墨化过程:改变硅在铝中的固溶度,从而改变Al-Si相平衡。这些结果足以证明加压凝固可以被推广和加深研究,以发挥各向气体压力在凝固科学和金属及其合金成型的重要价值。

Based on the study of the pressurized solidification of metal and alloy at home and abroad, the principles and methods of pressurized solidification are introduced. The effects of pressurized solidification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metal castings such as ferro-alloy, light alloy and copper alloy are summarized. The results show that the pressurized solidification can change the physical parameters and the crystallization process of the metal and its alloy, change the distribution and size of the porosity, increase the density of castings and improve the tensile properties and hardness of castings. In addition, when the pressure is sufficient high, it can also inhibit the process of graphitization of cast iron and change the solid solubility of silicon in aluminum to change AI-Si phase equilibrium. These demonstrate that pressurized solidification can be generalized and deepened in study to exert the important value of gas pressure in the solidification science and the formation of metals and their alloys.