农村集体建设用地入市影响与竞争模式选择

The Impact and Competition Patterns of Rural Collective Construction Land Entering the Land Market

文章基于SCP分析范式,运用经济学经典理论模型研究农村集体建设用地入市对土地市场的影响,探讨其入市方式并提供模式选择。结果表明:(1)集体建设用地入市使土地市场由地方政府双向垄断转变为政府与农村集体经济组织垄断竞争的市场结构,市场主体的市场行为由完全垄断转变为寡头垄断方式,市场绩效得到提升,农户及土地需求方福利增加;(2)城市规划区内农村集体经济组织入市方式可采取"古诺"垄断竞争模式,规划区外可采取"斯塔克伯格"垄断竞争模式,经济快速发展地区可选择两种模式共同推进;(3)规划区内农村集体建设用地需要合理规范和制度安排实现市场充分竞争,规划区外可探索土地发展权转移和交易机制进行间接入市,让更多农民共享土地增值收益。

Based on SCP analytical method, by using the classical theory economic model, this paper conducts a research on the impact of rural collective construction land entering the land market. At the same time, it explores the way and provides mode selection. The results show that the effect of rural collective construction land entering the land market has transferred two-directional monopoly of land market by the local government into a monopolistic competitive market structure between government and rural collective economic organization. The behaviors of market anticipants have changed from complete monopoly into oligopoly. As a result, the market performance has been improved; and the welfare of farmers and land demanders has been increased. This paper proposes that in a planned urban area, “Cournot ” monopoly competition mode can be allowed to use for the rural collective economic organization entering the market; while out of the planned urban area, the monopolistic competition of “Stackelberg” can be allowed to use; In the areas of rapid economic development, these two models can be used for advancing together. In a planned area, rural collective construction land needs reasonable norms and institution arrangement so as to realize full market competition; out of the planned area, efforts must be made on exploring the way of transferrable development rights and trade system to enter the market indirectly with a view to letting more farmers share the land value-added income.