身份、场域和认同:流动人口的社区参与及其影响机制研究

Citizenship,Field and Identity:Community Participation of Migrant Population and Its Influence Factors Analysis

社区参与是促进流动人口融入城市的重要方式,并成为近年来政府治理流动人口的重要政策导向。基于全国性的调查数据发现,流动人口的社区参与程度非常低,他们仍然是漂浮在城市中的陌生人。与笼统的探讨社区参与不同,本文对社区参与进行了类型学划分,即文体类参与、公益类参与和管理类参与,并构建了一个"身份、场域和认同"的社区参与分析框架,从上述三个维度分析流动人口社区参与的影响因素。研究发现,由于户籍制度而形成的制度性身份是影响流动人口社区参与的核心变量,而业主这一实践性身份反而对社区参与没有正向效应。其次,流动人口的社区参与受其所居住的社区场域的影响,社区参与具有明显的层化现象,在以本地人为主的高层次社区中,流动人口参与各类社区活动也更活跃。最后,流动人口的融入城市意愿和本地人归属感对三种类型的社区参与具有显著的影响。基于上述研究发现,本文指出流动人口的社区参与需要宏观户籍制度变革、中观社区管理体制和微观专业社工介入等各个层面的干预措施联动实施。

Community participation is a key for migrant population to integrate into city, thus becoming an important policy orientation of government. Based on data from the national migrant population’ s dynamic monitoring survey in 2013, the paper finds that migrant population’ s community participation is very low. Furthermore, the paper differentiates three kinds of community participations and constructs an analytical framework of participation. The key findings include： First, citizenship caused by hukou system is the key factor to migrant population’ s participation. Secondly, community types have significant influence on community participation. Finally, the willingness of integrating into city and the sense of citizenship is highly significant to community participation. According to these findings, we suggest reforming hukou system and community？management？system, and introducing professional social work to encourage migrant population’ s community participation.