欣慰与无奈的交织:社区老年照护者的照护体验及社会工作介入

Gratification and Frustration:The Ambivalent Experiences of Community-Based Eldercare Providers and the Role of Social Work Intervention

社区照护在长期照护体系中越来越重要,社区照护者与社区老人的生活密切关联。本研究采用质性研究方法,在上海市浦东新区J街道对20名社区照护者进行深度访谈,关注社区照护者的照护体验及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)被访社区照护者特性鲜明,具体表现为中老年化的年龄特征、以女性为主的性别特征、"一碗汤"距离的居住偏好、处于收入底层的经济现状、"身兼多职"的职业特征及"后继乏人"的发展特征。(2)社区照护者在照护老人过程中收获了积极体验,归纳为成就满足、愉悦互动、角色认同和自我成长。(3)另一方面,其照料过程中也有负面的经验,主要体现在:与老人的"周旋"、与老人家属的"较量"、对工作的抱怨和对未来的担忧等。(4)根据访谈,建构了社区照护者照护体验的理论分析框架,包括照护者、照护过程以及社会因素三个主类属。最后,本文从社会工作角度出发,针对优化社区照护者的照护体验提出具体对策,并对完善我国长期照护体系提出建议。

The current research,employing a qualitative approach to studying various kinds of caregivers in a selected community in Pudong, Shanghai, finds that： （1） The community caregivers are middle-aged orolder, mostly female,preferring to live closely with the elderly which is “ a bowl of soup” distance; （2） The community caregivers had positive experiences in elderly caregiving process, featuring satisfaction on self-achievement, relationship, social role, and personal growth; （3） The negative experiences are mainlyresulted from “dealing with” the elderly and “ battling” with the elderly’s families; （4） Based on the analysis of the interviews, a conceptual model of caregiving experiences among the community caregivers is constructed, namely personal factors, work factors, and social factors.