理想社会的历史轨迹——以《桃花源记》《镜花缘》《秘密谷》为线索

A Historical Trail of Ideal Societies:With the Train of The Peach-blossom Spring,The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror,and The Secret Valley

陶渊明《桃花源记》、李汝珍《镜花缘》、张恨水《秘密谷》都寄寓着作者对理想社会的思考。从作品间关系来看,《桃花源记》呈现了人口稀少、自给自足、安居乐业的小型的农业社会;《镜花缘》对理想社会的叙述,既如《桃花源记》一样突出人们的安居乐业,但也更多地关注人们的经贸生活和社会美德;《秘密谷》既借鉴和延续着《桃花源记》和《镜花缘》的思考,也反思着"桃花源"般的理想社会和都市南京般的"现代社会"。从与历史、现实之关系来看,《桃花源记》之"桃花源"凝聚了作者所处之社会的丰富现实;《镜花缘》之"君子国"固然是对作者所处社会的反思和批判,但也受到当时现实条件的局限,暗含着走向其反思和批判之对象的意味;《秘密谷》所折射的作者心中的理想社会,不仅有对现实社会的反思,更把这种反思与历史中的理想社会相联系,进而达到既反思现实社会又反思历史中的理想社会的效果。

During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Henshui wrote in Chongqing the three social satire novels of Eighty-one Dreams, The Shadows of the World and Frost-fghting Flower, which refected intensively the wartime intellectuals’ living conditions, responsibilities and commitments, and the contradicting choices concerning life solutions. Burdened by families and tortured by both “survival” diffculties and “spiritual stimulation”, the male intellectuals were deeply trapped in a dilemma, and some of them stuck to their positions, while some others shifted to other careers. By means of novelistic narration, Zhang HenshuiFlowers in the Mirror also highlights people＇s peaceful and contented life, but it pays more attention to the residents＇ business activities and social virtues. By learning and inheriting the ideas in The Peach-blossom Spring and The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror, The Secret Valley reflects on a ＂modern society＂ modeling after the metropolitan city of Nanjing, as well as an ideal community similar to the ＂Peach-blossom Spring＂. Viewing from the relationship between history and reality, the ＂Peach-blossom Spring＂ gathers the rich social facts among which the author lived. ＂The Kingdom of Gentility＂ in The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror is certainly a refection and criticism of the society where the author lived, but limited by the historical conditions, it also implies an inclination toward the subjects being refected upon and criticized. The Secret Valley revealed the ideal society in the author＇s mind, which not only contains the refections on the real society, but also relates the ideas with the ideal societies throughout the history, which achieves the refections of both the real society and the ideal societies in history.