广东省1997–2013年农田螺害发生与防治状况分析

Analysis of breakout and control situation of golden apple snail in farmland of Guangdong Province during 1997-2013

福寿螺是一种外来恶性入侵生物,对广东省水稻等农作物生产造成严重危害。通过对广东省包括珠三角、东翼地区、西翼地区、粤北山区4个省内区域以及各市17年(1997—2013)的农田螺害发生及防治情况进行统计分析,结果发现,在多年得到有效控制的情况下存在农田螺害单年爆发的情况,此种爆发在几市中连片发生且造成农业生产的严重损失;2008年后,全省农田螺害发生情况比2006年及以前更为严重,整体呈显著增加趋势;省内农业部门对福寿螺的防控力度不断加大但其收效并不显著,尤其对螺害发生逐年递增现象的作用不大。同时,全省对福寿螺的防治措施也存在不足。因此,需要建立长效的防控机制。

Pomacea canaliculata （Golden apple snail） is one of the worst invasive alien species, which has caused serious harm and loss of rice crop production of Guangdong province in recent years. Statistical data of the snail occurrence during 17 years from 1997 to 2013 were analyzed to figure out the snail damage situation in farmland and the control situation in four regions including the Pearl River Delta, the Eastern, the Western and the North hilly areas and cities in Guangdong province. According to the statistic analysis results, there were serious snail outbreaks in some interval years. These outbreaks usually reoccurred and spread to several neighboring cities to cause serious harm and great quantities after the snail damage had been controlled to a low level in previous years. Since 2008, the snail damage has become more serious than in and before 2006, and the trend of damage area in the whole province showed a significant increase. More importantly, stricter control measures in recent years could not meet the expectations, especially they showed no obvious effect on the year-by-year increase of the snail damage area. In addition, there were some weaknesses in the snail control measures in Guangdong province, and hence a long-term sustainable controlling institution and mechanism should be established.