美丽箬竹光合和荧光特性对异质环境的响应

Response of photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of Indocalamus decorus to heterogeneity environment

美丽箬竹是优良观赏经济竹种,对环境生态因子变化具有很高的敏感性。设置种群密度、光照、施肥、水分等几种关键生态因子的不同处理,比较其在异质性环境条件下光合、荧光特征差异,以主成分分析法评价竹子对各生态因子的响应情况,为竹子良种选育及高效培育技术研究提供依据。结果发现:(1)在不同生态因子的各处理条件下,美丽箬竹光合生产能力、光合作用效率、光保护能力各有差异和优劣势,有的处理光合生产力很高,但光合作用效率却相对较低,有的处理光保护能力很强,但光合生产力却相对较低;(2)采用2鞭段上盆、不加遮阳网、基质肥料配比为8:1、隔6天定量浇1次水等处理条件下,美丽箬竹光合、荧光生理表现最好。结论认为:(1)环境异质性可能是造成同一竹种的光合生产能力、光合作用效率以及光保护等生理过程发生复杂变化的重要原因;(2)美丽箬竹是一种喜光、喜肥、耐旱,同时需要在适宜种群密度下才能良好生长的竹种;(3)竹种对环境因子的光合生理响应差异,还可能与竹种长期环境选择和遗传进化有关,其详细机制仍需深入研究。

Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai is a good ornamental economic bamboo species, and has higher sensitivity tovariations of ecological factors in environment. We set different treatments of several key ecological factors such aspopulation density, light, fertilization and water, compared its photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics differences inheterogeneity environment, and evaluated its response situation to ecological factors by principal component analysis （PCA）, to provide evidence for study on selective improved variety and high benefit cultural technology of bamboo. Results are asfollows. （1） The photosynthetic productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, light protection ability of Indocalamus decorus Q. H.Dai in heterogeneity environment were different. Some treatments resulted in higher photosynthetic productivity, but thephotosynthetic efficiency was lower; some treatments resulted in higher light protection ability, but the photosyntheticproductivity was lower. （2） Under treatment of 2 rhizome sections potting, without shading net, matrix and fertilizers ratio8：1, interval 6 days water addition, Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai showed the best photosynthetic and fluorescencecharacteristics. Results suggested that environment heterogeneity might be important factor that caused photosyntheticproductivity, photosynthetic efficiency, light protection ability occurring complex changes in the same bamboo species.Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai could grow well in suitable population intensity. Differences about response of photosynthetic physiology of bamboo species to environment ecological factors also might be caused by long-term environment selection, genetic evolution, etc, so the mechanism should be studied.