仙桃市西南部耕层土壤中养分元素有效量和有效度研究

Research on Available Content and Availability of Topsoil Nutrient Elements in Southwest Xiantao City

对仙桃市西南部耕层土壤中12种养分元素的有效量和有效度进行研究,工作区耕层土壤中Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Si等元素有效量完全不缺;Mg、Zn等元素有效量基本不缺;P、Mo、K、N等元素有效量部分缺乏;B元素有效量很缺乏。研究表明,农业生产中肥料的施用对农作物的生长有直接的作用,不同养分元素的有效度相差十分悬殊,为提高耕层土壤中养分元素有效量,不仅可以通过增加该元素的全量,还可以通过提高该元素的有效度。工作区耕层土壤中养分元素在现有的含量水平下,土壤中养分元素有效度对有效量的影响大于土壤全量对有效量的影响。大多数养分元素有效度与pH值、有机质含量、CEC有关,在仙桃市西南部弱碱性耕层土壤中,土壤碱性越弱,N、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等元素的有效度越大;有机质的积累可导致K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、B等元素有效度的提高;土壤CEC越大,K、Ca、Mg、Mo、Si等元素的有效度越大。此研究为保证耕层土壤中养分元素有充足的有效量,及提高其有效度提供了对策。

In the research on available content and availability of 12 topsoil nutrient elements in southwest Xiantao City,it shows that availability in working area topsoil enrich completely of Ca,Fe,Mn,Cu,Si;basically enrich of Mg and Zn;partially lack of P,Mo,K,N;and seriously lack of B.The research results infer that the fertilizer application of P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Mo in agricultural production has direct effect on crop growth,and the availability of different nutrient element has great disparity.In order to improve the available content of topsoil nutrient elements,it can not only improve the total content,but improve the availability.Under the existing content level of topsoil nutrient element in working area,the effect of availability on available content is bigger than the total content on available content.Most nutrient element availability is relate to pH,organic content and CEC content.In alkalescence topsoil of southwest Xiantao,the weaker soil alkalinity,the bigger availability of N,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn;the accumulation of organic matter may lead to the improvement of K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Cu,B;and the bigger soil CEC,the bigger availability of K,Ca,Mg,Mo,Si.For proving the topsoil nutrient element availability enough,southwest Xiantao should continue to replenish the fertilizer of N,P,K,Mo,strengthen farming management,and prevent the occurrence of drought and flood disasters;and it should through improve organic matter,soil physical and chemical properties to increase the topsoil nutrient element availability of B,N,K,Mo,P.