社会关系中的人:道德教育的起点与归宿——马克思主义人的本质观对于道德教育的启示

People in Social Relations:Starting Point and End of Moral Education——The Enlightenment of Marxist View of Nature on Moral Education

马克思主义认为,人的现实性是其社会关系的总和,这一观点对于道德教育具有重要的启示意义。无论是个体还是社会的道德状况,都受到社会关系的影响,因此我们需要将"社会关系中的人"作为道德教育的起点。无论我们培养什么样的人,其最终都是社会中的人,并影响着其自身与整个社会的生活状况,因而"社会关系中的人"也是道德教育工作的归宿所在。为了更好地关注到社会关系中的人,道德教育需要进行一定的改变。在教育目的上,德育需要重视"他人"的存在;在培养目标上,德育需要教会学生如何处理个人与他人的关系。

Marxism holds that human reality is the sum of social relations, which is of great significance to moral education. Whether it is individual or social moral situation, it is affected by social relations. Therefore, we must take'the people in social relations'as the starting point of moral education. No matter what kind of people we cultivate,they are ultimately the people of society, and affect their own and the whole society's living conditions. In this sense, 'people in social relations' are the end of moral education. In order to pay more attention to the people in social relations, moral education needs to be changed. In the purpose of education, moral education needs to pay attention to the existence of 'others'; in the training objectives, moral education needs to teach students how to deal with the relationship between individuals and others.