合理使用他人作品未注明出处的法律性质及责任承担——兼谈我国《著作权法》的第三次修改

On Legal Nature and Liability of Fair Use Without Making Reference: With Comment on the 3rd Amendment of Chinese Copyright Law

著作权法中的注明出处义务关涉的是著作权人的人身权益,并非合理使用的构成要件,而是使用人在使用他人作品时应负有的独立义务。合理使用人未注明出处的,并不导致原本属于合理使用的情形成为侵害著作财产权的行为,但应承担消除影响或赔礼道歉的民事责任。注明出处与署名不同,未注明出处的并不一定属于剽窃。只有使用人使用他人作品超过必要限度,且未署名或注明出处,才构成剽窃。即在合理使用行为与剽窃行为之间存在独立的未注明出处的侵权行为。

Making reference obligation in copyright law is not an element of fair use, but is related to personal rights and interests of the copyright owner, which is an independent obligation of the fair user. A fair use without making the reference will not become an action infringing the property rights. Making reference is different from the right of authorship. Fair use without making reference does not necessarily constitute plagiarism. Only when the user uses other ？s work beyond the necessary limit and does not make the reference, the user constitutes plagiarism. Between fair use and plagiarism, there is an independent infringement which is fair use without making reference.