长期不同施肥方式对毛竹林土壤酸化过程的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizations on Soil Acidification of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens Stands

在浙江省毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.Pubescens主产区的11个县(市、区)选择固定样地,对长期施用尿素、复合肥、有机肥和不施肥(对照)4种不同施肥方式的林地进行p H定位监测研究,历时10 a(2006-2015年)。结果表明,对照的土壤平均酸化速率为0.011 p H·a^(-1);长期施用尿素的平均酸化速率达0.082 p H·a^(-1),是对照的7.5倍;施用复合肥土壤的平均酸化速率为0.053 p H·a^(-1),是对照的4.8倍;施用有机肥土壤的平均酸化速率为0.019 p H·a^(-1),是对照的1.7倍,相对比施用化肥的缓慢些,但一定程度上也促进土壤的酸化进程。因此减少毛竹林地化肥的施用是控制和缓解毛竹林土壤酸化的重要手段,同时积极开展生态施肥和生态经营以实现毛竹林健康可持续发展。

Permanent sample plots were established in 2006 at Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens stands in 11 counties from the main producing areas of Zhejiang province. Different fertilization treatments were conducted on bamboo stands like application of urea, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and no fertilization（ck） to determine p H during 2006-2015. The results showed that the mean annual soil acidification rate of the control was 0.011 p H, and that of the plots treated by urea reached 0.082 p H, about 7.5 time of the CK. The annual average soil acidification rate of stand treated with compound fertilizer was 0.053 p H, which was 4.8 times of the CK, and that of stands treated by organic fertilizer was 0.019 p H, 1.7 time of the CK. Therefore, suggestions were offered such as reducing application of chemical fertilizers instead of ecological fertilization and management for healthy and sustainable development of bamboo forest.