试论形式动词的句法功能

On the Syntactic Function of Dummy Verbs

通过对典型形式动词"加以"在语料库中的使用情况进行统计、分析可以发现,形式动词的典型分布框架是"施事+介词+受事+形式动词+双音节及物动词"。在这一典型分布框架中,形式动词和宾语之间展开"博弈",分别获取了"赋格"和指派语义角色的能力。以形式动词为谓语核心的句子的深层结构中形式动词作用于事件之上,起标记事件类型的作用。对于形式动词的句法功能,可以借鉴"最简方案"中的题元理论、格理论等予以描写、解释。

Collecting and analyzing typical dummy verbs in corpus, it is found that they mainly distribute in the sentence structure of 'agent + preposition + patient + dummy verbs + disyllable substantives'. In this kind of typical distributional structure, dummy verbs are used for case marking and the object is used for assigning semantic roles. In the deep structure of the sentences in which dummy verbs are the predicate core, dummy verbs are responsible for labeling the event type. Chomsky's theories in Minimalist Program, such as case theory and thematic theory are helpful for the research of the syntactic functions of dummy verbs.