一种气动式冲击响应谱试验系统的设计与分析

Design and analysis of a pneumatic test system for shock response spectrum

大多数航天器单机产品都要求进行冲击响应谱试验,试验量级普遍为1000g^2000g,甚至超过3000g。对于较大质量(如50 kg以上)产品高量级的冲击试验,振动台、传统的摆锤式或跌落式冲击试验台均很难满足相关要求。文章研究并设计了一套能够进行大质量受试产品高量级冲击响应谱试验的气动冲击试验系统。该系统利用压缩空气瞬间释放膨胀推动质量块加速撞击具有多阶固有频率的谐振板,通过谐振板被激起的响应模拟复杂的衰减正弦波。测试结果表明,系统空载时冲击谱量级达8000g,负载200 kg时可达5000g,时域曲线为振荡衰减波,持续时间小于10 ms。文章提出的气动式冲击响应谱试验系统设计方法可为此类冲击试验系统的设计提供参考和理论依据。

The impact test for spacecraft is generally required with a magnitude between 1000g-2000g, sometime even more than 3000g. In a high-magnitude impact test for large （〉500 kg） products, it is difficult for the pendulum impact test equipment and the drop impact test equipment to meet the test requirements. In order to solve these problems, a pneumatic impact test system is designed for the high-magnitude impact test. The system uses the compressed air as the power source, and the instantaneous release of gas to expand the impact mass block, which is accelerated to impact the resonant plate, so that a spectrum similar to the complex damped sine wave is generated in the resonant plate. The test results show that when the system is unloaded, the impact value is up to 8000g. When the load is 200 kg, the impact value is up to 5000g. The time domain curve is the shock attenuation wave, and the duration is less than 10ms. The method proposed in this paper can serve as a reference and theoretical basis for the design of this kind of impact test systems.