短毛黑水貂肌肉脂肪中组成成分和风味性物质的检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of Meat and Fat Components and Flavor Compounds of Short-haired-black Mink

短毛黑水貂是我国人工饲养的主要水貂品种之一,为了解短毛黑水貂肌肉脂肪的组成成分、风味性成分,探讨其利用价值,分别利用气相色谱检测了水貂皮下脂肪中各种脂肪酸成分含量,利用氨基酸自动分析仪检测了背腰最长肌和股四头肌中各种氨基酸成分含量,利用气相色谱质谱分析法检测了肌肉中挥发性风味物质成分及其含量。结果显示短毛黑水貂皮下脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸占70%以上,必需脂肪酸亚油酸、亚麻酸含量可达25.76%;背腰最长肌和股四头肌中16种氨基酸含量分别为21.0%和18.4%;必需氨基酸分别占8.5%和6.8%,除甲硫氨酸外其他必需氨基酸的评分均接近或大于理想模式相应必需氨基酸的分值;肌肉中检测到23种挥发性风味成分,其中醇类、醛类、酮类三类化合物分别占8.63%,69.77%和3.44%;而呋喃类和烃酯类含量不到10%,这些对水貂肌肉脂肪胴体的特殊风味的形成具有重要作用。

Short-haired-black mink is one of the main mink varieties in China. In order to understand the components in muscle and fat and flavor compounds of short-haired-black mink, the contents of fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were detected by gas chromatography, the contents of 16 amnion acids in the dorsal lumbar muscle and in the quadriceps femoris were detected with Amino Acid Automatic Analyzer, the flavor components in muscle were detected by Gas-chromatography Mass Spectrometry Automatic Analyzer. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in mink＇s subcutaneous fat was not less than 70%, the percent content of essential fatty acids including linoleic acid and linolenic acid was 25.76% ; the total contents of 16 kinds of amino acids in the dorsal lumbar muscle and in the quadriceps femoris were 21.0 and 18.4%, respectively; and the contents of essential amino acids account for 8.5 and 6.8% ; except for methionine, the scores of oth- er essential amino acids were close to or more than the scores of the corresponding amino acids in i- deal pattern ; 23 kinds of volatile flavor compounds were detected in the muscles and the contents of three compounds including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones in all volatile flavor compounds accounted for 8.63,69.77 and 3.44%, respectively, and the contents of the other compounds such as furan and hydrocarbon esters were less than 10%, which might result into the special flavor in mink muscle. This study will provide scientific basis for the utilization of short-haired-black mink＇s muscle and fat.