抗菌药物引起老年患者不良反应的临床分析

Clinical analysis on antibacterial drug adverse reaction in elderly patients

目的分析老年患者应用抗菌药物引起的不良反应,为老年患者发生不良反应的防治措施提供依据。方法选取2016年6月至2016年12月我院收集的40例老年患者抗菌药物不良反应报告,对患者的性别和年龄、抗菌药物类型和给药方式、不良反应类型及临床表现进行回顾性分析。结果患者年龄在60~80岁时,不良反应发生率随年龄增加,81~90岁不良反应发生率最高(45.00%);喹诺酮类抗菌药物引起的不良反应最高(37.5%),其次为头孢菌素类(27.5%);静脉给药不良反应发生率明显高于口服给药(P<0.05);结论临床上老年患者应合理使用抗菌药物,并监测不良反应,降低不良反应的发生率,为老年患者的用药安全提供保障。

Objective To analyze the adverse reaction caused by antibacterial drugs in elderly patients, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of adverse reactions. Methods From June 2016 to December 2016, the reports of 40 cases of elderly patients occurred drug adverse reaction in our hospital were selected and performed the retrospective analysis, including the sex and age of the patients, types of antibacterial drugs and routes of administration, types of adverse reactions and clinical manifestation. Results The incidence of adverse reactions increased with the age when patients aged 60 and 80 years old, and the highest incidence of adverse reactions occurred 81 to 90 years old （45.00%）; the adverse reactions caused by antibacterial drugs were most the quinolones, accounting for 37.5%, followed by cephalosporins with 27.5%; the incidence of adverse reactions through intravenous administration were significantly more than through oral administration （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is necessary to use antibacterial drugs rationally for elderly patients and attach great importance to adverse reaction monitoring, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in order to provide guarantee for clinical safe drug use of elderly patients.