广西平果县和德保县壮族人群低出生体重的影响因素研究

Analysis on the risk factors for low birth weight infants of Zhuang ethnicity in Pingguo and Debao County of Guangxi Province

目的分析壮族人群低出生体重发生情况,探讨低出生体重儿的影响因素。方法选取在广西平果县人民医院、妇幼保健院及德保县妇幼保健院2012年1月1日~2015年6月1日出生的4 915例壮族活产新生儿为研究对象,收集一般人口学资料及低出生体重相关的影响因素,采用多因素Logistic回归方法分析低出生体重儿的影响因素。结果低出生体重儿358例,低出生体重率为7.28%。母亲孕龄≥35岁(OR=1.72)、身高150 cm以下(OR=2.75)、孕早期体质指数(body mass index,BMI)<18.5 kg/m^2(OR=1.68)、血红蛋白浓度<110 g/L(OR=1.50)、孕中期增重少(OR=1.57)、流产史(OR=1.76)、妊娠期高压(OR=5.32)、多产次(OR=1.51)、孕期产前检查少于8次(OR=2.10)等为低出生体重儿发生的危险因素;母亲孕早期BMI≥24.0 kg/m2(OR=0.26)、分娩孕周37周及以上(OR=0.06)、单胎(OR=0.04)等为保护因素。结论母亲孕龄、身高、孕早期BMI、血红蛋白浓度、流产史、妊娠期高血压、孕期产前检查次数等是壮族人群低出生体重的影响因素,应采取综合措施预防和减少低出生体重儿的发生。

Objective To analyze the occurrence of low birth weight in Zhuang population. Methods A total of 4 915 living births in People＇ s Hospital and Child Health Hospital of Pingguo and Child Health Hospital of Debao from January 2012 to June 2015 were recruited. The associations between potential factors and the risk of low birth weight were evaluated by multivariate Logistic stepwise regression model. Results The incidence rate of low birth weight for Zhuang infants was 7.28%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that gestational age ≥35 years old （OR = 1.72） , height ≤ 150 cm （OR =2, 75）, pre-pregnancy BMI 〈 18, 5 kg/m2（OR = 1.68） , hemoglobin levels 〈 110 g/L in early gestation （ OR = 1.50 ）, mid weight gain during the second trimester （ OR = 1.57 ）, a histor7 of abortion （ OR = 1.76 ）, gestational hypertension （ OR =-5.32）, multiple parturition （ OR = 1.51 ） and frequency of antenatal visits 〈 8 times （ OR = 2. 10） were risk factors of low birth weight. Overweight in the first trimester （ OR = 0. 26 ） , gestational age 〉 37 weeks （ OR = 0. 06 ）, and single birth （ OR = 0. 04 ） were protective factors of low birth weight. Conclusions The incidence of low birth weight is affected by multiple factors. Factors like gestational age, mother＇ s height, pre-pregnancy BMI, hemoglobin levels in early gestation, a history of abortion, gestational hypertension and frequency of antenatal visits can significantly increase the risk of low birth weight in Zhuang infants, comprehensive measures should be taken to control and reduce the incidence of low birth weight.