2012-2015年湖北省麻疹流行病学及病原基因特征

Epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of measles in Hubei Province from 2012 to 2015

目的分析2012-2015年湖北省麻疹流行特征和病原基因特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法通过传染病报告系统和麻疹病例专报系统,收集2012-2015年湖北省麻疹报告病例,描述病例的时间、地区、年龄分布等特征,并对病毒基因型别进行分析。结果 2012-2015年,湖北省共报告麻疹病例3 258例,年平均发病率约为14.063/100万,2014和2015年发病率明显增高。2012-2015年每年麻疹的发病高峰不同。麻疹发病年龄主要以<2岁的婴幼儿和≥15岁的成人为主。麻疹发病人群主要集中在散居儿童,其他依次是农民、家政家务、幼托儿童和学生。麻疹病原学监测发现2012-2015年湖北省麻疹病毒基因型主要为H1a亚型,仅发现一例D8亚型,存在少数疫苗相关病例。结论 2012-2015年湖北省麻疹发病率明显增高,麻疹病毒主要为H1a亚型,发现一例D8亚型。建议进一步加强麻疹疫情的监测,做好适龄儿童和流动务工人员的常规免疫和查漏补种。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of measles in Hubei province during 2012 - 2015, so as to provide evidence for measles control. Methods Data were collected through surveillance system of infectious disease and measles. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles surveillance data in Hubei. The nucleoprotein （N） genes of measles virus were amplified by one-step RT-PCR and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results A total of 3 258 measles cases were reported and the average annual incidence was 14. 063/1 000 000 with significant increases in 2014 and 2015. The peaks of incidence of measles were different each year from 2012 - 2015. Measles virus outbreak levels in 2014 and 2015 were higher than those in 2012 and 2013. The measles cases were mainly in children under 2 years old and young adults aged 15 years and above. Scattered children, farmers and household service had higher incidence of measles. Most genotypes of measles virus in Hubei belonged to H1 and HI a subgenotype during 2012 -2015, only one strain was subgenotype D8 in 2013. Conclusions The incidence of measles increased during 2012 -2015. The main genotype of measles virus was H1 a, only 1 case of D8 subtype was found. It was important to enhance measles surveillance and promote vaccination progYam in children and immigrant workers to protect the whole population.