寿光市大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况及其影响因素研究

Prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases in knee and its influencing factors among greenhouse farmers in Shouguang

目的了解寿光市大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病情况,分析肌肉骨骼疾患相关影响因素。方法选择山东省寿光市五个蔬菜大棚种植区15个村庄至少从事一年劳动的蔬菜大棚劳动者进行面对面调查,分析膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的发生和影响因素。结果共纳入研究对象1 780人,大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率为41.9%。单因素Logistic回归分析发现共48个因素与大棚劳动者膝关节疾病的发生有关;多因素Logistic回归分析提示,女性（OR=1.795,95%CI：1.433~2.249）、年龄≥50岁（OR=1.635,95%CI：1.271~2.105）、BMI≥24 kg/m2（OR=1.445,95%CI：1.151~1.814）、种植年数≥20年（OR=1.767,95%CI：1.368~2.282）、长时间跪着工作（OR=1.616,95%CI：1.207~2.165）、长时间走动工作（OR=1.967,95%CI：1.290~3.000）、以不舒服的姿势搬举重物（OR=1.421,95%CI：1.116~1.809）、稍微弯腰（OR=2.084,95%CI：1.427~3.045）、大幅度转身（OR=1.291,95%CI：1.002~1.663）、头部重复弯曲扭转（OR=1.565,95%CI：1.187~2.063）、常被迫弯腰（OR=1.245,95%CI：0.979~1.584）会增加膝关节疾病发生的风险。结论大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率较高,亟待采取合理的预防和控制措施来减少大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的发生。

Objective To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases in knee as well as the influencing factors among greenhouse farmers in Shouguang. Methods A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the greenhouse farmers who had been working for at least a year. The greenhouse farmers were chosen from five main vegetable culti- vating areas in Shouguang, Shandong Province. Results A total of 1 780 subjects were surveyed. The annual prevalence of knee musculoskeletal diseases among greenhouse farmers was 41.9%. 48 variables were found significantly associated with knee musculoskeletal diseases through univariate Logistic regression analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the female gender （ OR = 1. 795,95% CI： 1. 433-2. 249 ） , age ≥ 50years old （ OR = 1. 635,95% CI： 1. 271- 2. 105 ） , BMI≥24 kg/m2 （ OR = 1. 445,95% CI： 1. 151-1. 814） , working years≥20years （ OR = 1. 767, 95% CI： 1. 368- 2. 282） , keep working on knees（ OR = 1. 616;95% CI： 1. 207-2. 165） , keep walking while working（ OR = 1. 967;95% CI： 1. 290-3. 000 ） , lifting heavy objects in awkward posture （ OR = 1.421,95 % CI： 1.116-1. 809 ） , bending slightly （ OR = 2. 084,95% CI： 1. 427-3. 045 ）, turning over significantly （ OR = 1. 291,95% CI： 1. 002-1. 663 ） , bending or turning around the head repetitively （ OR = 1. 565,95% CI： 1. 187-2. 063） and forced bending（ OR = 1. 245,95% CI： 0. 979- h 584） were the main risk factors of museuloskeletal diseases in knees. Conclusions The findings showed a relatively higher prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases of knees among greenhouse farmers. Proper measures to prevent and control the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases of knees are strongly recommended.