清代以来淮扬水上社会的研究(1644—1949)

Society of the Boatmen in Huaiyang Area since the Qing Dynasty (1644-1949)

清代以来淮扬地区水灾频繁剧烈,大量百姓流落水上,出现了从农民至船民的身份转化。早期该地的水上人多流向区域的中心城市扬州,近代以来由于扬州的衰弱,这一人群则普遍南下江南。在流动的过程中,水上人呈现出灾民、水匪、盐枭等多种面貌,但实际界限却很模糊。帮和水上保甲是水面上民间和官方层面的两种组织形态,一自下而上,一自上而下,反映了民间自卫与官方强化政治控制的不同诉求。

Serious floods forced a large number of farmers to live on water in Huaiyang area in the Qing dynasty. In the early period, most of them flocked to Yangzhou and with the declination of Yangzhou they turned south to the Yangtze River. In the migration, the boatmen could be victims, smugglers and salt-grabbing bandits. The actual boundary between these identities is blurred. ＂Bang＂ and ＂Baojia＂ are the two organizational forms of the boatmen, with the former a folk group and the latter official. This reflects the different goals of self protection and political control.