心理特权:概念、测量及相关研究

Psychological entitlement:Concept, measurements and related research

心理特权是指一种感到有权利获得优待、被豁免社会责任的稳定而普遍的主观信念或知觉,在不同的领域可以表现为学业特权感、消费者特权感、职场特权感等。心理特权能够使个体变得自恋,诱发人际冲突、自私行为和攻击行为等。影响心理特权的因素主要有生活经历、教养方式、依恋类型、社会经济地位、组织环境等情境因素和自我同情、主观建构、平等主义价值观等个体因素。未来研究应深入探究心理特权的概念与结构,拓展其研究方法,强化纵向研究以及本土化研究,并进一步探究影响心理特权的可能因素和避免(或减弱)心理特权消极后果的方法。

Psychological entitlement refers to a stable and pervasive belief that one deserves favorable treatment and could be waived from social obligations. It could be displayed as academic entitlement, consumer entitlement, workplace entitlement in various domains of life. Psychological entitlement can lead to narcissism, interpersonal conflict, selfish behavior, and aggressive behavior, etc. It can be influenced by situational factors such as life experience, parenting styles, attachment styles, social economic status, organization environments and individual factors such as self compassion, subjective construction, and egalitarian values. Future research is advocated to make a thorough inquiry on the concept and structure of psychological entitlement, improve the research methods, utilize more longitudinal and indigenous research design. Future research is also warranted to further explore the factors that influencing psychological entitlement and the factors to inhibit （or reduce） its negative consequences.