《理想国》中的德性概念及其现实意义

Concept of Virtues in Plato's Republic and Its Realistic Significance

柏拉图在《理想国》中表述的德性概念并非纯粹的心灵品质,还具有实践、知识、功能三大特征。这些特征都严格依靠以数学、天文学知识为预备,以辩证法为核心的理性作为其基础。鉴于《理想国》中暴露了奠基理性之上的理想政治困境,可以得出结论,现代性的虚无主义危机并非源于柏拉图的德性学说,这一学说亦非危机的解决之道。现代性危机只是取得了新的时代形式的古老德性难题。

The concept of virtues which Plato indicated in Republic isn＇t purely a quality of the mind, instead, it has three characters including practice, knowledge and faculty, which take strictly mathematics and astronomy as their prepara- tion and dialectics-centered reason as their basis. From the idealistic political difficulty revealed in Republic, it is conclu- ded that nihilism crisis of modernity isn＇t derived from Plato＇s theory of virtues, nor is this theory the solution to the crisis. Modernity crisis is in fact just a new form of the old difficulty of virtues.