民国植棉业的发展及其行销格局——以陕西关中地区为例

The Cotton Planting Development and Transporting Pattern of the Guanzhong Plain in the Republic of China(1912—1949)

民国时期是近代关中植棉业发展和行销的重要时期。抗战前期,受自然灾害的影响,陕西植棉业受到严重破坏,陷入了低谷期;抗战爆发后受战争的影响,陕西成为全国唯一一片完整的产棉区。至民国三十一年(1942年),因政府管制棉花过于严格从而损伤了棉农的利益,使棉农大量改植棉为种麦,关中植棉业从此衰落。同时,受关中社会因素与自然因素的影响,渭北和渭河东岸是关中主要的植棉区,三原因此成为渭北棉花集散地,但陇海铁路通陕之后,泾阳、咸阳逐渐取代了三原的地位而成为关中棉花的集散地。抗战的爆发也改变了陕棉运销的路线,东运受阻,而向西运往四川、甘肃和重庆的陕棉日渐增多。

The Republic of China （1912-1949） is of great importance in the modern cotton industry development and marketing period in Guanzhong Plain. At the beginning of the Anti - Japanese War, influenced by three years d natural disasters, the Sheanxi cotton industry was severely damased and fell into the trough. After the outbreak of the War, because of the effect by the war, Sbeanxi province became the only complete cotton - producing area. Till 1942, the over strict government regulation of cotton hurt the cotton farmers and made them plant wheat instead of cotton. As a result, the Guanzhong Plain cotton industry dedined from now on. At the same time, influenced by the social and natural factors of the Guanzhong Plain, Weibei and east of theWeihe river were main areas to plant cotton. Sanyuan, therefore, became the distributing center of Weibei area. However, after the Longhai Railway （ Liuyuan - Lanzhou） ran through Shaanxi, Jingyang and Xianyang gradually replaced the position of Sanyuan as the cotton collection and distribution center in Guanzhong Plain. The outbreak of the Anti - Japanese War also changed the cotton distribution route in Shaanxi with more cotton tmusported to Sichuan, Gansu and Chongqing instead of eastern regions.