中国本土鱼类模式生物稀有鮈鲫研究应用的历史与现状

Gobiocypris rarus as a Chinese Native Model Organism: History and Current Situation

稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)是一种中国特有的小型鲤科鱼类,从1990年开始,中国科学院水生生物研究所以培育新的实验鱼为目的,对稀有鮈鲫开展了系列的实验动物化研究,并推动其在各研究领域中的应用。随着我国化学品环境管理制度的建立,稀有鮈鲫已逐渐成为我国化学品测试中最重要的受试鱼类。本文综述了稀有鮈鲫分类地位、分布、形态特征、早期发育、生长、繁殖、遗传、对环境的适应性等方面的生物学特点,分析了稀有鮈鲫作为模式生物的优点,介绍了稀有鮈鲫实验动物标准制定进展。随着实验动物标准化工作的深入以及基因组测序工作的开展,稀有鮈鲫将更广泛地应用于相关的研究和检定,成为一种我国具有代表性的本土模式生物。

Rare minnow, Gobiocypns rarus is a small cyprinid fish endemic to China. From the beginning of 1990, researchers in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, did a series of studies on this fish for the purpose of establishment of a new laboratory animal and to promote its application in various research fields. With the establishment of rules and regulations on environmental management of chemicals in China, rare minnow has gradually become the most important test fish species. In this paper, biological characteristics of this fish were reviewed, including systematic position, geographical distribution, habitat, morphological characteristics, ontogene- sis, growth, reproduction, genetic features, and adaptability to environment. The merits of rare minnow as model organism were summarized. In addition, a brief introduction on standardization of experimental rare minnow was given. Along with the advance of works on laboratory animal standardization and genome sequencing, rare minnow will be more widely used as a representative model organism with Chinese characteristics.