应试困境与数学教育旨趣的博弈——从一个悖论谈起

Rivalry of Examination-oriented Education Dilemma and the Value of Mathematical Education:Originated in a Paradox

需要记忆,需要套路,需要细节,需要杜绝错误,这些是应试的要求.记忆的异化、套路的泛化、细节的大化,以及容错机制的蜕化,构成了教学现实对教育理想的冲击.走出应试困境的出路有三条:一是遵循规律,包括教育规律、人才成长规律、记忆规律和应试规律等.其中,教育规律要珍视"慢"的艺术,教学的艺术必须与数学真理、教育旨趣和现实需要拉开距离;记忆规律提倡在致力于"直觉上显然"基础上的记忆,在揭示内在美、结构美的条件下记忆,在不断反思的过程中记忆.二是强化结合部,就是以理解数学的本质为前提,以培养数学能力素养为重点,以激发求知欲和好奇心为关键.三是力求超凡脱俗,就是不拘泥于分数,把发展和完善人作为数学教育的终极目标,把促进学生发展与社会进步作为数学教师的使命.

To achieve good marks in examination needs a good memory, many routines, details and elimination of er- rors. The teaching reality in conflict with educational ideal has caused mnemonic alienation, the generalization of routines, the magnification of details and the degeneration of the fault-tolerant mechanism. Getting out of the dilemma of examination has three choices： one is to follow laws, including the laws of education, laws of professional talents development, memory laws and examination laws, etc. Among them, the laws of education need to respect its art of ＇slow＇; the art of teaching should keep a distance from mathematical truths, the value of education and the education reality. Memory laws advocate memory based on the ＂intuitively apparent＂. They are memory under the condition of revealing the inherent beauty and structural beau- ty and memory in the process of constant reflection. The second one is strengthening the conjunctive parts. The premise is to understand the nature of mathematics; the focus of ability fostering is to cultivate mathematical ability; and the key is to stimu- late desire for knowledge and curiosity. The third is striving to be free from vulgarity. That is to say, not to be constrained by the score, to take the development and perfection of people as the ultimate goal of mathematical education, and to make it the mission of mathematical teachers to promote students＇ development and social progress.