多元化护理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年冠心病患者生活质量和心理状态的影响

The Effect of Diversified Nursing Intervention on the Life Quality and Psychological Status of Elderly Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

目的探讨多元化护理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)老年冠心病患者生活质量和心理状态的影响。方法选择2014年8月至2016年3月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院进行PCI手术的老年患者124例,按照入院时间随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各62例,对照组实施常规护理,试验组给予多元化护理干预(包括加强健康知识宣导、讲授、心理护理、电话咨询、个别讲解等);护理干预前后采用西雅图心绞痛调查量表(SAQ)和生活质量测定量表(QL)对两组患者进行评分,术后6个月随访,再次采用QL测评患者生活质量,记录并分析两组患者的治疗依从性及并发症发生情况。结果多元化护理干预后,试验组患者的治疗依从性明显优于对照组,SAQ评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者在出血、尿潴留、疼痛、失眠、心绞痛等并发症发生率方面明显低于对照组,术后6个月随访,QL评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多元化护理干预可有效减少PCI老年冠心病患者术后并发症的发生,改善患者心理状态,对病人术后的康复及生活质量改善有重要意义。

[Abstractl Objective To study the effect of diversified nursing intervention on the life quality and psychological status of elderly coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A total of 124 elderly patients who had undergone PCI in Sichuan Provincial People＇s Hospital from August of 2014 to March of 2016 were selected and divided randomly into the observation group and the control group according to the admission time, and each group consisted of 62 cases. The control group received the routine nursing care, while the observation group was given diversified nursing intervention including the health knowledge propaganda and education, psychological care, telephone counseling and individual explanation, etc. The Seattle Heart Syndrome Survey Scale （SAQ） and the Quality of Life Scale （QL） were used to evaluate the patients of the two groups before and after the nursing intervention respectively. The life quality was assessed by QL at the 6-month follow-up. The treatment compliance and complications of the two groups were recorded and analyzed. Results The treatment group was sighificahtly better than the observation group in the treatment compliance and the SAQ scores respectively afttr the diversified nursing intervention （P〈0.05）. The observation group was also significantly better than the control group in the QL scores at the 6-month follow-up and the incidences of complications including bleeding,urinary retention, pain, insomnia, and angina pectoris （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The diversified nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and improve their psychological status, which is of significance for patients＇ rehabilitation and their improvement of life quality.