中国澜沧江2种墨头鱼分类地位考证

Nomenclatural Status Textual Criticism about Two Species of Garra from Lancangjiang(the Upper Mekong),China

在中国云南澜沧江水系分布着4种墨头鱼,其中奇额墨头鱼Garra mirofrontis和无须墨头鱼G.imberba的分类地位明确,没有争议;而双角墨头鱼G.bisangularis和条纹墨头鱼G.taeniata的分类地位尚无明确定论。为明确这2种墨头鱼的分类地位,采用文献考证法和标本比对法开展研究。通过文献与文献的比对、文献与标本的比对、标本与标本的比对,结果表明:双角墨头鱼的吻部、额部和口吸盘特征,体色斑纹,鳞式,鳃耙数,下咽齿及各鳍鳍条数等均与斑尾墨头鱼相同,可以确定双角墨头鱼是斑尾墨头鱼的异名。而条纹墨头鱼的体型、口吸盘游离后缘、吻部和侧线鳞等特征也与柬埔寨墨头鱼吻合,但区分二者的2个最重要的鉴别特征——口吸盘形态和背鳍斑纹,在柬埔寨墨头鱼的分类整理文献中均未提及,作者也受条件限制,未能检视这2种鱼的模式标本,所以不排除条纹墨头鱼和柬埔寨墨头鱼均是独立有效种的可能性,目前本文暂接受Kottelat(1986)的意见,将条纹墨头鱼视为柬埔寨墨头鱼的同物异名。

There are four species of Garra from Lancangjiang in Yunnan, China. The status of Garra mirofrontis and G. imberba are clear among four species and the status of G. bisangularis and G. taeniata were fierce debates. In order to clarify the status of these two species, a morphological comparison between them was made based on the literatures and the specimens. According to the comparison results among literatures, literatures with specimens, and specimens, the characters of G. bisangularis in the snout and forehead, the oral sucking disc, body markings, scales, gill takers, pharyngeal teeth and the numbers of each fin rays are identical with G. fasciacauda. So it is confirmed that G. blsangularis is a junior synonym of G. fasciacauda. Meanwhile, the characters of Garra taeniata are also matching with G. carnbodgiensis on the characters of the body shape and the snout, the oral sucking disc with a free posterior margin, and lateral line scales. However, the characters of oral sucking disk and dorsal fin color pattern of G. cambodgiensis were not mentioned in the literatures. These two characters are the two most important diagnostic characeristics to distinguish G. cambodgiensis from G. taeniata. The type specimens of G. taeniata and G. carnbodgiensis were not examined due to limited conditions. Therefore, there was the chance that G. taeniata and G. carnbodgiensis were both independent and valid species. Now the present study provisionally accepts the idea that G. taeniata was a junior synonym of G. cambodgiensis from Kottelat （1986）.