地方政府兴建大型体育场馆的激励结构与约束机制

Incentive Structure and Restraint Mechanisms of Local Government Building Large Sports Venues

在现有的激励结构与约束机制下,地方政府倾向于选择个性化产品以获得政治加分和晋升收益,承办大型体育赛事、兴建大型体育场馆成为备选方案之一。然而,地方政府兴建大型体育场馆的效应往往需要较长时间才能显现出来,更加重要的是,大型体育场馆的公共产品至少是准公共产品属性决定了其建设成本最终还是要公共财政偿还,给下一届政府留下了沉重的包袱,进而违背了社会公众利益和中央政府意愿,而地方政府行为背后体现出的是激励结构和约束机制的一致性或者背离度。此时,中央政府必然以某种形式的约束机制对地方政府行为加以控制,以避免地方债务危机和过分违背民意,在横向约束机制要素不完备的情况下,中央政府只能选择以审批制为代表的纵向约束机制。从官员晋升维度解释地方政府兴建大型体育场馆的激励结构,并在这一解释性框架下阐述我国兴建大型体育场馆中央审批制的合理性,意在指出大型体育场馆能否回归理性取决于激励结构与约束条件的互利耦合。

Under the existing incentive structure and restraint mechanisms, the local government favors in the choice personalization product obtains politicalbenefits to divide and tile promotion income, it choice to host major sports events and constructing large sports venues. However, the effect of local govern-ment building large sports venues often takes a long time to become apparent;what is more important is that large sports venues of public goods is at least qua-si-public goods properties determine its construction costs will have to repay the public finances eventually, leaving a heavy burden for the next government.Furthermore, contrary to public interest and wishes of the central government, the local government reflects the consistency or the degree of departure of the in-centive structure and restraint mechanisms. At this time, the central government is bound to control the behavior of the local government through forms of re-straint mechanisms, in order to avoid excessive local debt crisis and excessive disobey of public opinions. In the incompleteness of transverse element con-straint mechanism, the central government can only select vertical restraints mechanisms of examination and approval system for the representatives. This arti-cle explains the incentive structure of local governments＇ building large sports venues through the promotion dimensions of officials, and elaborates the reason-ability of central examination and approval system on constructing large sports venues. This is to point out whether large sports venues can return to rational in-centive depend on mutually beneficial coupling of incentive structure and constraints.