尾矿库溃坝研究进展

Advances in research of tailings dam failures

总结分析了近年来国内外尾矿库溃坝致灾机理、尾砂力学性质及溃坝流体性质、溃坝影响范围和预警及防治措施等领域的研究进展。总体而言,尾矿库溃坝研究方面已积累了一定的基础和经验,然而在许多领域有待进一步深入系统的研究;尾砂不同于常规土料,相关研究目前多针对具体工程,尾砂的力学性质的系统研究有助于提升尾矿库溃坝安全评价水平;物理模型试验法和数值模拟方法是目前预测尾矿库溃坝影响范围的主要手段。指出了当前尾矿库溃坝研究及灾害防治方面的几个关键问题,建议从新试验技术、尾砂及溃坝流体性质和筑坝工艺等方面突破研究。

Advances in research of mechanisms of tailings dam failure-induced disasters,mechanical properties of tailings and hyperconcentrated flow after dam failures,the range of influence of tailings dam failures,and measures of early-warning and disaster prevention are summarized and analyzed. On the whole,studies on tailings dam failures have made some progress,and certain experiences have been obtained. However,further in-depth and systematic studies are required in many areas. At present,research on tailings is mainly performed on specific projects,in contrast to research on the conventional soil material. Systematic study on mechanical properties of tailings helps to enhance the level of safety evaluation of tailings dams. Physical model tests and the numerical simulation method are the main means to predict the range of influence of tailings dam failures. Some key problems for further research of tailings dam failures and disaster control are pointed out, i. e., seeking breakthroughs with new testing technology, properties of tailings and hyperconcentrated flow after dam failures,and dam construction methods.