被遗忘的教育活动史:战时师范教育运动周研究

Analysis of the Wartime “Normal Education Movement Week” from the Perspective of Education Activity History

抗战时期国民政府把师范教育视为重要的精神国防,为了大力推进师范教育,专门设立师范教育运动周。这是我国近现代教育史上第一次在国家层面制定并实施的以"师范教育"命名的活动周。通过座谈会、演讲、广播、宣誓、颁发奖学金、刊发专号等活动,在国统区掀起了大力推进师范教育的热风。师范教育运动周及其所开展的活动表明,抗战时期为了激发青年学生报考师范生的热情、提高教师职业的吸引力,采取了诸多实际措施。运动周期间,对战时师范教育的研究和讨论主要集中在三大问题上,即推行师范教育运动,重视教师职业价值,物质和精神奖励并举提高教师待遇。对师范教育问题的集中研讨促进了师范教育学科的建立。运动周作为战时一项重要的师范教育应变和改善措施,配合其他师范教育改革举措,使得师范教育在战时极其艰困的条件下取得了较大发展。通过大力举办师范教育运动周活动,发出"当教师是神圣的事业"的时代强音,以精神动员的方式来提高教师职业的影响力,加深社会对师范教育重要性的认识。师范教育运动周在民国时期教育活动史上写下了浓重一笔。

During the period of Anti-Japanese War,the national government regarded normal education as an important spiritual defense,and therefore initiated the event named'the normal education movement week'to promote normal education. It was the first such activity organized at the state level in China's modern educational history. Seminars,speeches,radio broadcast,scholarship award ceremonies,and special newspaper issues,all brought about a wave of enthusiasm for normal education in KMT-controlled areas and practical measures were also taken to enhance teachers' status.'Teaching is a holy career'became the slogan of the time. The event greatly increased the public's awareness on the importance of normal education and left an remarkable record in the education activity history of modern China.