生育后期湿涝胁迫对不同花生品种干物质积累及产量性状的影响

Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Traits of Different Varieties of Peanut at Late Growth Stages

为解决豫南地区花生易受涝灾渍害的问题,加快豫南地区优质、高产、高抗花生新品种推广进程,采用模拟人工湿涝胁迫的方法,对适宜豫南地区种植的高产花生品种开展了耐涝性筛选研究。结果表明,湿涝胁迫可造成花生荚果产量降低35%~63%,且影响花生各个方面的生长发育,表现为叶片SPAD值下降、干物质积累减少、根系形态受损、根系活力下降、单株结果数和有效果数减少。不同花生品种表现不同,远杂9307和远杂9102受湿涝胁迫影响较小,胁迫与正常条件下荚果产量、叶片SPAD值、有效果数、总根长、根系活力的相对值分别为0.65、0.89、0.69、0.62、0.86和0.60、0.80、0.53、0.86、0.64;白沙1016受湿涝胁迫影响较大,胁迫与正常条件下荚果产量、叶片SPAD值、有效果数、总根长、根系活力的相对值分别为0.37、0.65、0.28、0.33、0.73。应用隶属函数值综合评价认为,远杂9307和远杂9102综合抗涝性较强,适宜在豫南地区种植。

In order to solve the problem of waterlogging of peanut and accelerate the promotion pace of new varieties with high quality, high yield and high resistance in the south of Henan, simulated artificial flooding was used to screen the suitable varieties with waterlogging tolerance. The results showed that wa-terlogging stress could reduce 35% -63% of the yield,and affect all aspects of the growth and develop-ment, such as the leaf SPAD values, dry matter accumulation, root activity, the pod number and effective pod number per plant decreased, and the root morphology was damaged. Different varieties had different waterlogging resistance. Yuanza 9307 and Yuanza 9102 had strong resistance to waterlogging stress. The relative value of yield, leaf SPAD value , effective number of pod, total root length, root activity under stress and normal conditions were 0. 65,0. 89,0. 69,0. 62,0. 86 and 0. 60,0. 80,0. 53 ,0. 86,0. 64 for Yuanza 9307 and Yuanza 9102 respectively. The waterlogging resistance of Baisha 1016 was poor,the relative value of yield, leaf SPAD value, effective n u m b e r of p o d , total root length, root activity under stress and nor-mal conditions were 0. 37 ,0. 65,0. 28,0. 33 ,0. 73 respectively. T h e result of comprehensive evaluation by membership function me t h o d showed that Y u a n z a 9307 and Y u a n z a 9102 had the good resistance to water-logging stress,which were suitable for planting in the south of H e n a n province.