对节白蜡树叶中挥发性成分提取、GC-MS分析及杀菌活性研究

Extraction,GC-MS Analysis and Fungicidal Activity Determination of Volatile Components from the Leaves of Fraxinus hupehensis

为明确对节白蜡的抗病原因,以开发新的生物农药,采用同时蒸馏萃取法分离提取对节白蜡树叶中的挥发性物质,并对萃取溶剂、温度和时间等条件进行了筛选。结果表明,最佳萃取溶剂为乙醚,最佳萃取温度为100℃,最佳萃取时间为6 h。对乙醚提取物进行杀菌活性测试发现,乙醚提取物在500 g/m L的质量浓度下对5种供试病原菌都有一定的杀菌活性,其中对水稻纹枯病菌的杀菌活性最好,抑制率可达100%,其对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率也能达到55.8%。GC-MS分析结果显示,乙醚提取的挥发性物质主要含有5个可分辨的成分,其中4号成分含量占总提取物的87.00%,NIST11谱库检索确证其结构为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。根据以上结果,初步确定邻苯二甲酸二丁酯是对节白蜡重要的抗菌成分之一。

In order to study the reason for disease resistance of Fraxinus hupehensis and develop new bio-logical pesticides, the volatile components of Fraxinus hupehensis leaves were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction （ SDE） method. The suitable factors such as solvent, temperature and time in SDE method were chosen. The results showed that the optimum extraction solvent was ether, the optimum ex-traction temperature was 100 °C and the optimum extraction time was 6 h. The fungicidal activities of the ethereal extract were tested in vitro. The bioassay results indicated that the ethereal extract showed some fungicidal activities against all tested fungi at the concentration of 500 g/mL. In part icular, the ethereal extract showed the best fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani with the inhibition rate of 100% ,and also showed good fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum with the inhibition rate of 55. 8% . The ethereal extract was analyzed by GC-MS method. The results showed that the ethereal extract had five compounds, and the component 4 accounted for 87.00% of the total ethereal extract. The structure of the component 4 was identified as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester by retrieving the NIST11 gallery. These results preliminarily confirmed that 1 ,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester was one of the im-portant antifungal components in Fraxinus hupehensis.