葡萄枝屑栽培平菇的产量及营养成分效应研究

Effect of Cultivation with the Chip of Grape Branch on Yield and Nutritional Components of Oyster Mushroom

为解决平菇栽培原料供应价格飙升、供应紧张的现状,以平菇为试材,在平菇栽培培养料中按不同比例添加葡萄枝屑(0、30%、50%、70%),研究葡萄枝屑对平菇菌丝体生长、子实体产量及子实体营养成分的影响。先将葡萄枝屑、玉米芯、土霉素药渣等原料按不同比例浸泡混匀,装袋培养灰色平菇栽培种,采用柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定平菇子实体氨基酸含量,按照国家标准测定方法测定平菇中微量元素含量。结果表明:添加适宜比例葡萄枝屑栽培平菇,菌丝体长势强,生长速率高,菌丝洁白、粗壮、紧密;添加葡萄枝屑可显著提高平菇产量,其中以添加50%葡萄枝屑的平菇产量最高(324.0 g/袋),且加入葡萄枝屑3个处理的生物学效率为90.3%~99.7%;添加葡萄枝屑可提高平菇子实体中铁、锌、硼等微量元素的含量;4个基质配方栽培的平菇基本能满足人体对必需氨基酸的搭配需求,且添加葡萄枝屑栽培的平菇赖氨酸含量显著高于不添加葡萄枝屑的对照。因此,加入葡萄枝屑可提高平菇的产量及微量元素含量,满足人体对必需氨基酸的需求。

It is necessary to research mycelia, yield and nutritional components of oyster mushroom by adding the chip of grape branch into cultivation materials for resolving the problem that cultivation materi-als of oyster mushroom are supplied more and more short and the price is higher. The first step was to smash one year branch of grape by partial grinder, to immerse uniformly the mixture of chip of grape branch, corncob, terramycin waste residue by different proportion, and then to plant cultivated species of oyster mushroom in the bag. The second step was to observe the growth of mycelia,and to determine yield and biological efficiency. The last was to determine amino acid and trace element of fruit body by HPLC method and GB method. The results showed that oyster mushroom cultured with adding the suitable pro-portion chip of grape branch had mycelia of strong growth vigor, pure white color, compact body, and high-er growth rate. It significantly increased yield and biological efficiency by adding the chip of grape branch,50% was the best proportion for yield（324. 0 g/bag） ,and the biological efficiency was 90.3% - 99.7% after adding the chip of grape branch. And adding the suitable proportion of chip of grape branch could improve content of iron, zinc, and boron. The oyster mushroom cultivated by four matrices could all satisfy the demand of human body for amino acid, and the lysine content was significantly higher when chip of grape branch was added. In a word, oyster mushroom planted with chip of grape branch had higher yield and content of trace elements, and could satisfy the demand of human body for amino acid.