“A了N”构式的多角度解析

Multi-angle Analysis of "A 了 N"

形容词接名词宾语的用法在汉语中大量存在,针对这一客观语言现象,以往的研究主要在于探讨形容词词性问题,也有少量论文将"A了X"作为整体研究对象,分析其语法、语用问题。根据Goldberg提出判定构式的标准来看,"A了N"可判定为构式,其构式义为:对该名词的性质、状态、属性等变化或结果的主观评述。文章从形式、语义、语用三方面对"A了N"构式进行分析。形式方面,文章分析了常量"了"的发展演变,也从音节特征、语义类别等方面对变量"A"和"N"做解析,同时,对"A了N"构式的扩展式以及与离合词的区别问题做了简析;语义方面,文章从构式义、构式体义、构式义与词汇义的相互关系三方面进行分析;语用方面,文章分析了"A了N"构式的语用动因和语用功能。

The usage of adjectives followed by nouns is abundant in the Chinese language.In the context of this objective language phenomenon,the previous research mainly focused on the problem of adjective words,and a few papers studied the ' A 了 X' as a whole and analyzed its grammar and pragmatic problems.According to the standards of determination mode proposed by Goldberg, ' A 了 N' can be determined as a structure.Its structural meaning is:the subjective comments on the noun nature,state,attributes and other changes.The paper analyzes the ' A 了 N' structure from three aspects of form,semantics and pragmatics.In the aspect of form,the paper analyzes the evolution of the constant ' 了' and it alsointerprets the variables ' A' and ' N' from the aspects of syllable features and semantic categories.At the same time,the paper analyzes the expansion of the ' A 了 N' and the difference between it and detachable words;in the semantic aspect,the paper analyzes the ' A 了 N' from three aspects of the constructive meaning,the constructive aspectual meaning,and the relationship between the constructive meaning and lexical meaning;in the aspect of pragmatics,the paper analyzes the pragmatic motivation and pragmatic functions of the ' A 了 N' structure.